Tag: unbound

It’s DNS. Again.

Oh, hello there…

Ok, so I opened Pandora’s box by starting to talk about DNS. I figure I should probably do a proper job of completely murdering the topic and kill it off for good. So – Unbound was the call. I don’t need to run an authoritative server at home any longer. Otherwise, I’d probably have stuck with BIND, honestly. I know it, it’s a pain at times, anything in it related to DNS over HTTPS or TLS is totally experimental, not ready for client-side, but the devil you know, right?

So, Unbound it is. I did a bit of a read-up, and between the Arch Linux wiki, the official docs, and a couple of random config snippets, and I had a config. As I mentioned in the other post, I used certbot to generate my DNS over TLS cert. I’m actually using the same cert for DNS over HTTPS, but the clients don’t really get to see that cert. Why? Well, these hosts also serve up other apps via https, so traefik is installed, and thus is bound to tcp/443, and I didn’t feel like messing with multiple IPs and binding different services to different IPs, so I just tied Unbound’s DNS-o-HTTPS to tcp/1443, and created a traefik service to front it with HTTPS, so it all works out in the end. Clients are none-the-wiser. Yes, there’s a little extra config, and this definitely flies in the face of my mantra of discarding technical debt. But what’s the greater debt – moving a port and making a reverse proxy entry, or setting up a whole new IP and playing around with all sorts of service bindings and ensuring that the right ports are bound the right IPs in the right places? Yeah, you’re seeing it now.

So, on to the config. It’s not the exact config, but it’s close enough. I’ve changed some bits to protect the sanctity of the innards of my home net. On my systems, I’m running Ubuntu Jammy (that’s 22.04 LTS), so I just installed the unbound package via apt, then dropped this in /etc/unbound/unbound.d/server.conf (the file doesn’t exist – you create it). There’s a handy syntax checker called unbound-checkconf, which helps you figure out where you’ve managed to fat-finger things in your config and mess it up. Ask me how I know how useful it is…

server:
    port: 53
    tls-port: 853
    https-port: 1443
    verbosity: 0
    num-threads: 2
    outgoing-range: 512
    num-queries-per-thread: 1024
    msg-cache-size: 32m
    interface: 0.0.0.0
    interface: 0.0.0.0@853
    interface: 0.0.0.0@1443
    rrset-cache-size: 64m
    cache-max-ttl: 86400
    infra-host-ttl: 60
    infra-lame-ttl: 120
    access-control: 127.0.0.0/8 allow
    access-control: 0.0.0.0/0 allow
    username: unbound
    directory: "/etc/unbound"
    use-syslog: yes
    hide-version: yes
    so-rcvbuf: 4m
    so-sndbuf: 4m
    do-ip4: yes
    do-ip6: no
    do-udp: yes
    do-tcp: yes
    log-queries: no
    log-servfail: no
    log-local-actions: no
    log-replies: no
    extended-statistics: yes
    statistics-cumulative: yes
    tls-service-key: /etc/letsencrypt/live/dns.home.somedomain.net/privkey.pem
    tls-service-pem: /etc/letsencrypt/live/dns.home.somedomain.net/cert.pem
    http-endpoint: "/dns-query"
    http-nodelay: yes
    private-address: 10.0.0.0/8
    private-address: 172.16.0.0/12
    private-address: 192.168.0.0/16
    private-address: 169.254.0.0/16
    private-domain: "home.somedomain.net"
    do-not-query-localhost: yes
    tls-cert-bundle: "/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt"
    local-zone: "10.in-addr.arpa." transparent
    local-data: "1.10.10.10.in-addr.arpa.   600 IN PTR router.home.somedomain.net."
    local-data: "2.10.10.10.in-addr.arpa.   600 IN PTR switch.home.somedomain.net."
    local-data: "3.10.10.10.in-addr.arpa.   600 IN PTR ap1.home.somedomain.net."
    local-data: "4.10.10.10.in-addr.arpa.   600 IN PTR ap2.home.somedomain.net."
    local-data: "5.10.10.10.in-addr.arpa.   600 IN PTR ap3.home.somedomain.net."
    local-data: "6.10.10.10.in-addr.arpa.   600 IN PTR printer.home.somedomain.net."
    local-data: "10.10.10.10.in-addr.arpa.  600 IN PTR server1.home.somedomain.net."
    local-data: "20.10.10.10.in-addr.arpa.  600 IN PTR server2.home.somedomain.net."


remote-control:
    control-enable: yes
    control-port: 953
    control-use-cert: "yes"
    control-interface: 127.0.0.1
    server-key-file: "/etc/unbound/unbound_server.key"
    server-cert-file: "/etc/unbound/unbound_server.pem"
    control-key-file: "/etc/unbound/unbound_control.key"
    control-cert-file: "/etc/unbound/unbound_control.pem"

forward-zone:
    name: "."
    forward-tls-upstream: yes
    forward-addr: 1.1.1.1@853#cloudflare-dns.com
    forward-addr: 1.0.0.1@853#cloudflare-dns.com
    forward-addr: 9.9.9.9@853#dns.quad9.net
    forward-addr: 149.112.112.112@853#dns.quad9.net
    forward-addr: 8.8.8.8@853#dns.google
    forward-addr: 8.8.4.4@853#dns.google

Embracing Simplicity. Again. This time, it’s DNS.

Public Enemy #1

I, like many, hate DNS. I tolerate it. It’s there because, well, I need it. There’s just only so many IP addresses one can keep rattling around inside one’s head, right? So, it’s DNS.

For years, I ran the old standard, BIND under Linux here at home. My old BIND config did a local forward to dnscrypt-proxy, which ran bound to a port on localhost, and then in turn pushed traffic out to external DNS servers like Cloudflare’s 1.1.1.1 or IBM’s 9.9.9.9. I didn’t think my ISP was entitled to be able to snoop on what DNS lookups I was doing. They still aren’t entitled to those, so I didn’t want to lose that regardless of what I ended up doing.

Out in the real world, my domain’s DNS was hosted by DNS Made Easy. They’ve got a great product. It’s reliable, and it’s not insanely expensive. It’s not nothing, but we’re not talking hundreds a year either. I think it’s about $50 a year for more domains and queries than I could possibly ever use. But, like many old schoolers, they’ve lagged behind the times. Yes, they’ve got things like a nice API, and do support DNSSEC, but DNSSEC is only available in their super expensive plans that start at $1700+ a year. That’s just not happening. So, I started looking around.

I landed on Cloudflare. They’ve got a free tier that fits the bill for me. Plenty of record space, a nice API, dare I say, a nicer API even. DNSSEC included in that free tier at no cost even. How do you beat free? I was using a mish-mash of internal and external DNS with delegated subdomains for internal vs external sites as well. It was (again) complicated – and a pain in the rear.

So, I registered a new domain to use just for private use. I did that through Cloudflare as well. As a registrar, they were nice to work with too. They pass that through at cost. Nice and smooth setup. So, internal stuff now consists of names that are [host/app].site.domain.net. Traefik is setup using the Cloudflare dns-01 letsencrypt challenge to get certs issued to secure it all, and the connectivity, as discussed before in the other post is all by Tailscale. The apps are all deployed using Docker with Portainer. The stacks (ok, they’re just docker-compose files) in Portainer are all maintained in private GitHub repos. I’ll do a post on that in more detail soon.

Ok, so what did I do with the DNS at home? Did I just ditch the resolver in the house entirely? I did not. In the end I opted for dumping BIND after all these years and replacing it with Unbound. I had to do a bit of reading on it, but the configuration is quite a bit less complex, since I wasn’t configuring zone files any more. I was just setting up a small handful of bits like what interfaces did I want to listen to, what did I want my cache parameters to look like, and what did I want to do with DNS traffic for the outside world, which pretty much everything is? In my case, I wanted to forward it to something fast and secured. I was already crushing pretty hard on Cloudflare, so 1.1.1.1 and 1.0.0.1 were easy choices. I’m also using IBM’s 9.9.9.9 as well. All of those are forwarding out using DNS-over-TLS, and DoT, or sometimes DOT. It worked for me first try.

Then I grabbed the Ubuntu certbot snap and told it to grab a cert for dns.home.$(newdomain).net, which is attached to this moon. After I got the cert issued, it was a piece of cake to turn up both DNS over HTTPS and DNS over TLS, and DoH and DoT.

It was fairly easy to get DoH working on a Windows 11 PC. It was also super easy to craft an MDM-style config profile for DoT that works great on IOS and iPadOS devices. Microsoft has Apple beat cold in this department. Well, in the Apple wold, if you configure a profile for DoT (the only way you can get it in there) you’re stuck with it until you get rid of it – by uninstalling and reinstalling.

On Windows? It was as easy as setting your DNS servers to manual, then crack open a command prompt as Administrator and then (assuming your DNS server is 10.10.10.10)…

netsh dns add encryption 10.10.10.10 https://my.great.server/dns-query

Once you’ve done that, you’ll be able to choose from a list under where you punch in DNS settings in the network settings and turn on Encryption for your DNS connection. It’s working great!